@font-face{font-family:"Research Sans";src:url("/assets/fonts/research-sans-regular.woff2") format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:"Research Sans";src:url("/assets/fonts/research-sans-medium.woff2") format("woff2");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:"Research Serif";src:url("/assets/fonts/research-serif.woff2") format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
:root{--bg:#f8f8f3;--ink:#11110f;--muted:rgba(17,17,15,.6);--line:rgba(17,17,15,.15);--sans:"Research Sans",Arial,sans-serif;--serif:"Research Serif",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--ease:cubic-bezier(.23,.98,.56,1)}
*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px;background:var(--bg)}
body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.45;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
main{flex:1}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button{font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer}img,svg{display:block;max-width:100%}[hidden]{display:none!important}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em;text-wrap:balance}
p{text-wrap:pretty}::selection{background:#dce5d7}a,button{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid rgba(17,17,15,.4);outline-offset:4px}
.skip{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);padding:10px 16px;border-radius:4px}.skip:focus{top:12px}
.container{width:min(calc(100% - 32px),1040px);margin-inline:auto}

/* Footer brand; primary navigation lives in site-nav.css. */
.research-brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:22px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;flex-shrink:0;transition:opacity .15s}
.research-brand:hover{opacity:.7}.brand-symbol{width:24px;height:24px;overflow:hidden;mix-blend-mode:multiply}.brand-symbol img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;filter:grayscale(1)}
.research-hero{text-align:center;padding:182px 0 64px}
.hero-label{font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:20px}
.research-hero h1{font-size:38px;line-height:1.05}
.hero-copy{font-size:18px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted);max-width:58ch;margin:24px auto 0}
.publication-list{padding-bottom:96px}.publication-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:88px minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:start;gap:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 0;transition:transform .3s ease-out}.publication-row:hover{transform:translateY(-4px)}
.publication-cover{height:120px;width:88px;background:var(--ink);overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line)}.publication-cover img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .6s ease-out}.publication-row:hover .publication-cover img{transform:scale(1.06)}
.publication-copy{min-width:0}.publication-copy h2{font-size:20px;line-height:1.15;transition:opacity .15s;text-wrap:balance}.publication-row:hover h2{opacity:.7}.publication-meta{margin-top:16px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 10px;font-size:14px;line-height:1;color:var(--muted)}.author-mark{display:grid;place-items:center;width:20px;height:20px;border:1px solid var(--bg);border-radius:50%;background:#dde3d8;font-family:var(--serif);color:#2f443a;font-size:13px}.meta-divider{color:var(--line)}.publication-meta time{font-weight:500;color:rgba(17,17,15,.4)}.publication-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;padding-top:4px;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;color:rgba(17,17,15,.8)}.publication-cta span{transition:transform .15s}.publication-row:hover .publication-cta span{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}

.research-areas{padding-bottom:96px}.research-areas h2{font-size:38px;line-height:1.05;margin-bottom:40px}.areas-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:64px}.areas-copy{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:32px}.area-panels{min-height:180px}.area-panel{animation:area-fade-up .45s var(--ease) both}.area-panel .area-number{font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:rgba(17,17,15,.4);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.area-panel h3{font-size:26px;line-height:1.25;margin-top:12px}.area-panel>p:last-child{font-size:16px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted);margin-top:16px;max-width:46ch}.area-tabs{margin-top:40px}.area-tabs button{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;width:100%;padding:16px 0;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,15,.1);background:transparent;text-align:left;font-size:14px;color:rgba(17,17,15,.55)}.area-tabs button>span{width:6px;height:10px;background:var(--tab-accent);flex-shrink:0}.area-tabs button:hover{color:rgba(17,17,15,.8)}.area-tabs button[aria-selected="true"]{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}.area-tabs button[aria-selected="true"]::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-1px;height:2px;background:var(--tab-accent);transform-origin:left center;transform:scaleX(1)}.area-tabs.is-paused button[aria-selected="true"]::after{animation-play-state:paused}.area-tabs:has(:focus-visible) button[aria-selected="true"]::after{animation-play-state:paused}.area-tabs button:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px;background:rgba(17,17,15,.04)}.area-art{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px;background:rgba(17,17,15,.04);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line);min-height:340px}.area-art img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;opacity:0;transition:opacity .7s ease-out}.area-art img.is-active{opacity:1}
@keyframes area-grow{from{transform:scaleX(0)}to{transform:scaleX(1)}}@keyframes area-fade-up{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(12px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}

.research-footer{background:var(--bg)}.footer-inner{max-width:1136px;margin-inline:auto;padding:64px 32px;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:40px}.footer-columns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:32px 40px}.footer-columns nav{min-width:112px}.footer-columns h2{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3;color:rgba(17,17,15,.9);letter-spacing:0;text-wrap:wrap}.footer-columns ul{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;margin-top:16px;list-style:none}.footer-columns a{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;color:var(--muted);transition:color .15s}.footer-columns a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.copyright{white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted)}

/* Closing CTA: deep green plate, copy left with the pill pinned to the bottom, light inset panel right. */
.closing-cta{padding-bottom:128px}
.cta-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px;padding:24px;border-radius:24px;background:#0b3b2a;color:#fff;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.06)}
.cta-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:24px 0 8px 24px}
.cta-copy h2{font-size:38px;line-height:1.1;color:#fff;max-width:16ch}
.cta-copy p{margin:28px 0 40px;max-width:40ch;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;color:rgba(248,248,243,.72)}
.cta-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;align-self:flex-start;margin-top:auto;padding:9px 9px 9px 20px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1;transition:background .15s}
.cta-button span{display:grid;place-items:center;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(17,17,15,.08);font-size:15px;transition:transform .15s}
.cta-button:hover{background:#fff}.cta-button:hover span{transform:translateX(2px)}
.cta-button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #fff;outline-offset:3px}
.cta-panel{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:12px;background:#f8f8f3;aspect-ratio:1/1}
.cta-panel img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:0 50%}
@media(max-width:1023px){.cta-copy h2{font-size:32px}}
@media(max-width:767px){.closing-cta{padding-bottom:96px}.cta-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;padding:16px;border-radius:20px}.cta-copy{padding:20px 12px 4px}.cta-copy h2{font-size:30px}.cta-copy p{margin:20px 0 28px;font-size:16px}.cta-button{margin-top:0}}

/* The existing article uses the same type, palette, navigation, and quiet editorial treatment. */
.article-header{max-width:800px;margin-inline:auto;padding:150px 0 56px;text-align:center}.back-link{display:inline-flex;gap:12px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:32px}.back-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.eyebrow{font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted)}.article-header h1{font-size:42px;line-height:1.1;margin:20px 0 24px}.article-dek{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}.meta{display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:24px}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,1fr);gap:64px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:48px;align-items:start}.contents{position:sticky;top:100px}.contents>p{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:16px}.contents ol{list-style:none;counter-reset:contents}.contents li{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,15,.1);counter-increment:contents}.contents a{display:flex;gap:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;padding:13px 0;color:var(--muted)}.contents a::before{content:"0" counter(contents);color:rgba(17,17,15,.4)}.contents a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.article-body{min-width:0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:rgba(17,17,15,.8)}.article-body section{margin-bottom:56px;scroll-margin-top:100px}.article-body h2{font-size:30px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:24px;color:var(--ink)}.article-body h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.25;margin:28px 0 12px;color:var(--ink)}.article-body p+p{margin-top:20px}.article-body a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(17,17,15,.3);text-underline-offset:3px}.article-body a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--ink)}.article-body strong{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}.abstract{border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 0;margin-bottom:40px}.abstract .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px}.abstract p:last-child{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5}.article-body ul,.article-body ol{padding-left:22px;margin:20px 0}.article-body li{padding-left:4px;margin:12px 0}.process{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:24px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 0;margin:28px 0}.process div{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.process span{display:block;color:rgba(17,17,15,.4);font-size:13px;margin-bottom:12px}.process strong{display:block;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:8px}.process p{color:var(--muted)}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border-block:1px solid var(--line);margin:24px 0}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5}caption{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);text-align:left;padding:16px 0}th,td{padding:14px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,15,.1);vertical-align:top}th{font-weight:500}th:first-child,td:first-child{padding-left:0}th:last-child,td:last-child{text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}thead th{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}tbody tr:last-child td,tbody tr:last-child th{border-bottom:0}.total{background:rgba(17,17,15,.04)}.total th:first-child{padding-left:12px}.small-note{font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}.equation{background:rgba(17,17,15,.04);border-radius:4px;padding:24px;margin:28px 0}.equation .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px}.equation p{font-size:17px}.article-body blockquote{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:28px;line-height:1.3;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:24px;margin:32px 0}.sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}.sources h2{font-size:24px}.article-end{padding:0 0 64px;text-align:center}.article-end a{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}

@media(max-width:1023px){.research-hero h1{font-size:34px}.footer-inner{flex-direction:column}.footer-columns{width:100%;justify-content:space-between}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}}
@media(max-width:767px){.research-hero{padding:150px 0 48px}.research-hero h1{font-size:30px;max-width:22ch;margin-inline:auto}.hero-copy{font-size:18px}.featured-topics{padding-bottom:56px}.topic-grid{gap:12px}.topic-card{padding:24px}.topic-content h2{font-size:18px;line-height:1.25}.topic-bottom p{display:none}.topic-bottom>span{font-size:14px;white-space:normal}.publication-list{padding-bottom:80px}.publication-row{grid-template-columns:88px minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px}.publication-cta{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;padding-top:0;margin-top:8px}.publication-copy h2{font-size:20px}.publication-meta .meta-divider{display:none}.publication-meta time{width:100%}.research-areas{padding-bottom:80px}.research-areas h2{font-size:34px}.areas-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px}.area-panels{min-height:160px}.area-art{min-height:340px}.footer-inner{padding:64px 16px}.footer-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:32px 24px}.footer-columns nav{min-width:0}.copyright{grid-column:1/-1}.article-header{padding-top:134px}.article-header h1{font-size:34px}.article-layout{display:block;padding-top:32px}.contents{position:static;margin-bottom:40px}.contents ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 24px}.article-body{font-size:16px}.article-body h2{font-size:28px}.process{gap:16px}}
@media(max-width:420px){.topic-card{padding:18px 14px}.topic-content h2{font-size:17px}.publication-row{gap:20px;grid-template-columns:72px minmax(0,1fr)}.publication-cover{width:72px;height:110px}.publication-cta{margin-top:0}.publication-copy h2{font-size:20px}.publication-meta{font-size:13px}.contents ol{grid-template-columns:1fr}.process{grid-template-columns:1fr}.process div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:24px 1fr;gap:0 12px}.process span{grid-row:1/3}.process p{grid-column:2}.article-body blockquote{font-size:25px}th,td{padding:12px 8px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}

/* Research papers share the existing editorial layout. */
.publication-kind{font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.publication-summary{max-width:64ch;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}.publication-cover--capacity{background:#243a31}.publication-cover--capacity img{opacity:.68;filter:grayscale(1);mix-blend-mode:luminosity}.workflow-map{min-width:620px}.workflow-map th:last-child,.workflow-map td:last-child{text-align:left}.workflow-map th:first-child{width:23%}.workflow-map th:nth-child(2){width:38.5%}.utility-paper .equation p+p{margin-top:20px}.utility-paper .sources p{font-size:14px}

/* Research series: original architectural studies, rendered as vector artwork. */
.featured-topics{padding-bottom:64px}
.research-section-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.research-edition{font-family:monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}
.topic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px}
.topic-card{--card-ink:#f2f0df;--card-muted:#c1d0c4;position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;border-radius:3px;background:#102f28;color:var(--card-ink);box-shadow:0 1px 1px #17251a0a;transition:box-shadow .3s,transform .3s}
.topic-copper{--card-ink:#3e2b20;--card-muted:#705e4e;background:#e9dfcc}
.topic-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 16px 32px -20px #20302055}
.topic-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #98723e;outline-offset:5px}
.topic-art{position:relative;aspect-ratio:520/320;overflow:hidden}
.research-sculpture{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none}
.topic-content{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;padding:24px 30px 22px;border-top:1px solid #bbcfb425}
.topic-copper .topic-content{border-top-color:#80624530}
.topic-kicker{font-family:monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--card-muted);margin-bottom:14px}
.topic-content h2{font-size:32px;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.025em;text-wrap:wrap}
.topic-description{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--card-muted);margin-top:14px;max-width:38ch}
.topic-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding-top:26px;margin-top:auto;font-size:13px}
.topic-arrow{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border:1px solid #b9c9b650;border-radius:50%;font-size:19px;transition:background .2s,transform .2s}
.topic-copper .topic-arrow{border-color:#80624550}
.topic-card:hover .topic-arrow{transform:rotate(45deg);background:#b9c9b617}
.topic-footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin-top:18px}
.topic-caption{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.art-motion-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:6px 0 6px 10px;min-height:36px;flex-shrink:0;border:0;background:transparent;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.art-motion-toggle::before{content:"";width:6px;height:9px;border-inline:2px solid currentColor}
.art-motion-toggle[aria-pressed="true"]::before{width:0;height:0;border:4px solid transparent;border-left:6px solid currentColor;border-right:0}
.art-motion-toggle:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.network-module--lit{animation:module-breathe 9s ease-in-out infinite;animation-delay:var(--phase)}
.network-signal{animation:signal-travel 16s linear infinite}
.value-plate{animation:plate-breathe 12s ease-in-out infinite;animation-delay:var(--phase)}
@keyframes module-breathe{0%,65%,100%{transform:translateY(0)}30%{transform:translateY(-3px)}}
@keyframes signal-travel{to{stroke-dashoffset:-330}}
@keyframes plate-breathe{0%,100%{transform:translateY(0)}50%{transform:translateY(-3px)}}
.research-sculpture *{animation-play-state:paused}
.is-art-visible .research-sculpture *{animation-play-state:running}
.is-motion-paused .research-sculpture *{animation-play-state:paused}
.publication-cover{border-radius:2px;position:relative}
.publication-cover .research-sculpture{width:200%;height:100%;margin-left:-50%;object-fit:cover}
.publication-cover svg text,.publication-cover .network-signal{display:none}
.publication-cover--capacity{background:#102f28}
.publication-cover:not(.publication-cover--capacity){background:#e9dfcc}
.area-art{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;min-height:440px;background:#102f28;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:none}
.area-art>.research-sculpture{height:auto;flex:none}
.area-art-caption{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px;padding:24px 34px 34px;color:#f2f0df}
.area-art-caption>span:first-child{font-family:monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.13em;color:#b5c9bb}
.area-art-caption>span:last-child{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:30px;line-height:1.2}
.area-tabs.is-art-paused button[aria-selected="true"]::after{animation-play-state:paused}
@media(max-width:900px){.topic-content{padding:22px}.topic-content h2{font-size:28px}.topic-kicker{font-size:9px}.topic-grid{gap:18px}}
@media(max-width:600px){.research-hero{padding:132px 0 40px}.research-section-label{font-size:12px}.research-edition{display:none}.topic-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.topic-art{aspect-ratio:520/300}.topic-content{padding:24px}.topic-content h2{font-size:32px}.topic-description{font-size:15px}.topic-kicker{font-size:10px}.topic-bottom{padding-top:22px}.topic-footer{align-items:flex-start}.topic-caption{max-width:20ch;font-size:12px}.art-motion-toggle{padding-top:0}.area-art{min-height:360px}.area-art-caption>span:last-child{font-size:27px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.research-sculpture *{animation:none!important}.topic-card:hover{transform:none}.art-motion-toggle{display:none}}

/* Visual papers: an editorial cover, readable chapters, and worked sandbox cases. */
.visual-paper{--paper-accent:#24533e;--paper-soft:#e8eee4;width:min(calc(100% - 40px),1120px)}
.paper-economics{--paper-accent:#9a5d39;--paper-soft:#efe5d6}
.visual-paper .article-header{text-align:left;max-width:900px;margin:0;padding:134px 0 38px}
.visual-paper .back-link{margin-bottom:38px;font-size:13px}
.visual-paper .article-header .eyebrow,.figure-label,.section-number{font-family:monospace;font-size:10px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--paper-accent);text-transform:uppercase}
.visual-paper .article-header h1{font-size:clamp(38px,5.5vw,64px);max-width:20ch;line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:20px 0 24px;text-wrap:balance}
.visual-paper .article-dek{max-width:60ch;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5}
.visual-paper .meta{justify-content:flex-start;font-size:12px;gap:10px 18px;margin-top:28px}
.paper-cover{margin:0 0 36px}
.paper-cover>img{width:100%;height:clamp(260px,38vw,430px);object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 53%;background:#ece5d8;border-radius:3px}
.paper-cover figcaption{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.paper-cover figcaption span:first-child{font-family:monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em;white-space:nowrap}
.paper-cover figcaption span:last-child{font-size:10px;white-space:nowrap}
.paper-takeaways{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:32px;padding:8px 0 42px}
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